Te Kōwhiri i te Tūru Wīra Hākinakina Tika mō ngā Hākinakina Rerekē
Mō te hunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tūru wīra, ā, e ngākau nui ana ki ngā hākinakina, ehara i te mea he huarahi whai wāhi noa iho te tūru wīra hākinakina tika—he mea nui ki te whakarite i te haumaru me te whakarei ake i te mahi. Kāore i rite ki ngā tūru wīra e whakamahia ana i ia rā, he mea hanga motuhake ngā tūru wīra hākinakina me te hanganga, ngā rauemi, me te mahi kua arotauhia kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga hākinakina motuhake. He rerekē ngā momo hākinakina i roto i ō rātou hiahia, nō reira he mea nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi tūru wīra e tika ana mō te momo hākinakina. Kei raro nei he whakataki taipitopito ki ngā hākinakina noa me ō rātou tūru wīra hākinakina e pā ana.
1. Poitūkohu Tūru Wira
He hākinakina tere, he hākinakina kaha hoki te poitūkohu tūru wīra, e tino hiahiatia ana te pumau, te ngāwari o te nekeneke, me te pakari o te tūru wīra. Kua hangaia ngā tūru wīra poitūkohu hei whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia me ngā āhuatanga matua e whai ake nei:
Ⅰ. Hanganga Anga:He mea hanga ki te konumohe kaha-teitei, ki te muka waro rānei, he pakari, he māmā hoki te anga. He iti te pokapū taumaha o te tūru, ka whakarei ake i te pumau i ngā kokonga koi, ngā tūnga ohorere, me ngā tukinga, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te takahuri. Kua tatauhia te whānui o te wira me te ara kia taurite ai te tere me te pumau, kia taea ai e ngā kaitākaro te whakatere i te papa tākaro me te ngāwari.
Whirihoranga Wira Tuarua:Mā ngā wira o mua iti ake (10–12 inihi te roa) me ngā potae rapa totoka ka taea te huri tere me te whakahaere tika. Ko ngā wira o muri nui ake (24–26 inihi) he whānui ngā awhi me ngā potae hohonu, ātete ki te pakaru, hei tautoko i te kaha o te kukume me te pana, hei tautoko i te whakaterenga tere me ngā tūnga ohorere. He maha ngā wā he nui ake ngā riu o ngā wira o muri hei tu atu i te takaro kaha.
Ⅲ. Hoahoa Nohoanga:He hoahoa anga mārō te nohoanga, he mea hanga ki te muka waro, ki te kirihou māmā rānei, e hangai ana ki te tinana o te kaitākaro hei tautoko me te whakamarie. Mā te teitei o te nohoanga iti ka whakaitihia te pokapū o te taumaha, ā, mā ngā koki o te tuara ka taea te whakarerekē ka āwhina i te pupuri i te tū tika o te tākaro.
Ⅳ. Ngā Āhuatanga Tāpiri:He pai ngā pae ārai-pito pakari hei tiaki i te kaitākaro me te tūru mai i ngā tukinga. He māmā, he māmā hoki ngā okiokinga ringa me ngā papa waewae hei whakaiti i te taumaha kore e hiahiatia, me te kore e whakararu i te nekehanga.
E whakamahia ana ngā tūru wīra poitūkohu i ngā whakataetae whaimana, ngā whakangungu, me ngā tākaro whakangahau. Me whakarite te kōwhiringa i runga i te rahi o te tinana o te kaitākaro, te taumata pūkenga, me ngā manakohanga whaiaro kia pai ai te noho me te mahi.
2. Tēnehi Tūru Wira
He hākinakina e aro ana ki ngā pūkenga te tēnehi tūru wīra e hiahia ana ki te nekenekehanga tino pai, te tere o te hurihanga, me te whakahaere tika, e āhei ai ngā kaitākaro ki te tere tae atu ki te pōro me te whiu tika i ngā whiunga. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā tūru wīra tēnehi ko:
Ⅰ. Hoahoa Anga:He mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi mama, kaha hoki pērā i te muka waro, te titanium rānei, he kiato, he tere hoki te anga mō te nekehanga tere me te huri i te ahunga. Kua arotauhia te āhuahanga mō te taurite o te ngāwari me te pumau, kia taurite ai i te wā e whānui ana te toronga o ngā pupuhi.
Pūnaha Wira Tuarua:He maha ngā wā ka huri ngā wira o mua (8–10 inihi) i ngā taha katoa, ka taea ai te huri 360° kia tere ai te urupare ki te whakatakotoranga o te pōro. Ko ngā wira o muri (22–24 inihi) e whakamahi ana i ngā potae rapa iti-ātete, kaha-mau me ngā awhi whaiti hei whakaiti i te tōia o te hau me te whakanui ake i te tere.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Nohoanga Ⅲ:He hoahoa anga mārō te nohoanga e hangai ana ki te tinana hei tautoko. Ka taea te whakarite i te teitei o te nohoanga me te koki o te tuara kia rite ki te tū o te tangata takitahi me te tikanga o te whiu. Ka taea e ētahi tauira te whakarite i te nohoanga o mua-muri hei āwhina i ngā kaitākaro ki te neke i te pokapū taumaha i te wā e takaro ana.
Ⅳ. Pūnaha Pēki:He parai tere te whakamahi, ā, he pumau hoki te āhua ina whakarite ana mō ngā pupuhi. Kua whakanohoia ngā rīpene parai kia ngāwari te uru atu, me te kore e whakararuraru i ngā nekehanga o te ringa.
He pai ngā tūru wīra tēnehi mō ngā whakataetae, ngā whakangungu, me ngā tākaro noa. Me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa ki te teitei, te taumaha, te roa o te ringa, me te mata o te kōti (kōti mārō, uku, tarutaru), nā te mea he rerekē ngā momo potae e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mata rerekē.
He tino kaupapa te reihi tūru wīra
he hākinakina Ōrimipia e tino hira ana te tere. He mea hanga motuhake ngā tūru reihi mō te tere, me ia wāhanga kua arotauhia mō te mahi. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko:
Ⅰ. Kōtaha Āhuarangi:He māmā ake, he whaiti hoki hei whakaiti i te ātete hau.
he maha ngā wā he hanganga muka-waro monocoque te anga, e tuku ana i te māmā tino pai me te
kaha mō te pumau i ngā tere tiketike.
Whirihoranga Wira Tuarua:He tino iti ngā wira o mua (2–5 inihi) me ngā potae pakari, iti te ātete hei whakaiti i te hurihuri me te tōia o te hau. Ko ngā wira nui o muri (28–30 inihi) he potae reihi motuhake kua whakauruhia—he maeneene, he iti rānei te takahanga—kia iti ai te ātete me te pupuri pai. He muka waro māmā ngā awhi, he iti ake ngā riu engari he matotoru ake hei whakaiti i te taumaha.
Ⅲ. Hoahoa Nohoanga:He tūnga whakarara, he tū ergonomic te nohoanga, e whakarite ana i te tinana o te kaitākaro kia maeneene, kia tere te neke atu i te hau. He mea hanga ki te muka waro māmā, e tautoko ana i te tinana me te pupuri i te taumaha kia iti.
Ⅳ.Pūnaha Puku:Kua tino whakatikatikaina te tūranga o te wira taraiwa me te koki camber kia taea ai e te kaitākaro te pana me te tino pai me te iti o te kaha, kia piki ake ai te tere.
E whakamahia ana ngā tūru wīra reihi i ngā whakataetae ara (hei tauira, 100m, 400m) me ngā reihi marathon. Tērā pea ka rerekē ngā hoahoa i runga i te tawhiti o te reihi. Me whiriwhiri ngā kaiako me ngā tohunga hangarau i ngā taputapu ngaio kia ōrite ki te āhua o te tinana, te pūkenga, me ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te whakataetae.
4. Whutupōro Tūru Wira
He hākinakina kapa rautaki, he hākinakina pā-katoa te whutupōro tūru wīra, e kiia ana ko te "murderball". Ka takarohia i runga i te papa poitūkohu me ngā ture e whakakotahi ana i te whutupōro me te hoki hukapapa, e hiahia ana ki te ātete pānga, te pumau, me te mana whakahaere tino pai. He mea hanga ngā tūru wīra whutupōro kia rite ki te tiaki i ngā tukinga me te tere:
Ⅰ. Anga Whakakaha:He mea hanga mai i te maitai chromoly kaha-teitei, i ngā mea hiato muka-waro rānei, he hoahoa "roller-cage" te anga me ngā parepare me ngā tautoko tāpiri i mua, i ngā taha, me te raro o te waka hei mimiti i ngā tukinga pānga nui. Mā te whānui ake o te turanga wira me te whānui o te ara kua whakatikatikaina ka pai ake te pumau i te wā o ngā nekeneke tere me te pa atu, ka ārai i te takahuri.
Ⅱ. Ngā Wira Motuhake:Ko ngā wira o mua (12–14 inihi) he potae rapa totoka me ngā awhi whakapakari hei ātete i te hurihanga i te wā e tukinga ana. Ko ngā wira o muri (24–26 inihi) he rapa pakari, ātete ki te kakahu me ngā takahanga hohonu, honohono hei pupuri i te wā e whakateretere ana, e mutu ana, e huri koi ana. Ko ngā toki o muri he koranu taumaha, he mea hono ki ngā wira maha-kōrero hei manawanui ki te pānga.
Ⅲ. Nohoanga Tiaki: He anga mārō te nohoanga, he mea whakakikorua ki te pahuka matotoru, ā, he mea hipoki ki te rauemi PU ā-wai, ātete-pakū, hei whakamarie, hei ngāwari hoki te horoi. He papa taha ka taea te tango (5–8 cm te matotoru) he urunga taha mō ngā pānga. He iti te nohoanga me te koki tuara pumau (75–85°) hei pupuri i te kaitākaro kia piko whakamua mō te whakawhiti mana me te whakahaere pai ake, me te whakaheke i te pokapū o te taumaha.
Ⅳ. Ngā Wāhanga Mahi:Ka whakaitihia te waku me te whakamarara i te kaha pānga e te parepare o mua tangohia, he mea hanga ki te polyurethane pīwariwari. Ka āwhina ngā ringaringa "poto-matotoru" me te paninga kore-paheke i ngā kaitākaro ki te tautoko i te wā e pā ana, me te kore e aukati i te pana. Ko ētahi tauira papai he toki me ngā wāhanga tuku tere mō ngā whakatikatika tere i waenganui o te kēmu.
Ka whakamahia ngā tūru wīra whutupōro i ngā whakataetae whaimana me ngā whakangungu kaha. Ka rerekē pea ngā hoahoa i runga i te tūranga o te kaitākaro (hei tauira, ko ngā tūru whakaeke e whakatairanga ana i te tere, ko ngā tūru tiaki e whakatairanga ana i te tiaki). Me whiriwhiri takitahi e ngā tohunga hangarau i runga i te tinana, te tūranga, me te momo o te kaitākaro kia pai ai te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā rautaki.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi tūru wīra hākinakina me āta whakaaro ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te hākinakina me ngā matea takitahi o te kaitākaro. He mea tino taunaki kia kōrero tahi me te tohunga ngaio me te tāuta i ngā taputapu kia pai ai te ōritenga o te kaitākaro me āna taputapu.